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!!! Overview
[{$pagename}] (IDD) is a [Telecommunications] dialling [code] used to dial out of a country when making an international call.
[{$pagename}] also called international access code, International Dialling prefix code, exit code, [International Call Prefix], etc. This is done to avoid confusing the country code with the first few digits of a local phone number.
These codes are different from the unique [Country Calling Code] every country has which is used to dial into that [country].
When making a call between countries, the caller must first dial the [{$pagename}], then the destination [Country Calling Code], then (usually) a [National Destination Code] ([Area Code]), then the local [Subscriber Number].
The [International Telecommunication Union] ([ITU]) recommends 00 as the general standard for an [{$pagename}], and this has been implemented by a large number of countries, but not all of them [International Telecommunication Union] ([ITU-T]), [E.164].
!! Plus (+) sign
When phone numbers are published for use abroad they typically include the [Country Calling Code], but show a plus sign (+) prefix in place of any [{$pagename}], to signify that the caller should use the [{$pagename}] code appropriate for the country they are calling from [International Telecommunication Union] ([ITU-T]), [E.123] - 7.1 (Page 9).
Many phones, particularly [mobile phones|Mobile Device] allow this "+" to be entered in their saved number lists, often by holding down the '0' key (most [GSM] mobile phones) or with two consecutive presses of the * key. When making a call the system then automatically converts the "+" to the correct [{$pagename}], depending on where the phone is being used, which enables callers to use the same stored number from any country they find themselves in.
The disadvantage of using the "+" sign is that there are some countries that have special international dialling prefixes that offer discounted overseas rates. The "+" sign will automatically be converted to the default dialling prefix which usually carries the regular overseas rates, hence you could forego the discounts.
!! More Information
There might be more information for this subject on one of the following:
[{ReferringPagesPlugin before='*' after='\n' }]
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* [#1] - [International dialling prefix|https://wikitravel.org/en/International_dialling_prefix|target='_blank'] - based on information obtained 2019-05-04