Overview[1]#
Javascript Object Signing and Encryption (JOSE) is a framework intended to provide a method to securely transfer claims (such as authorization information) between parties.Javascript Object Signing and Encryption is also referred to as JSON Object Signing and Encryption but the IETF Working Group was Javascript Object Signing and Encryption
The Javascript Object Signing and Encryption framework provides a collection of specifications to serve this purpose. A JSON Web Token (JWT) contains claims that can be used to allow a system to apply access control to resources it owns. One potential use case of the JWT is as the means of authentication and authorization for a system that exposes resources through an OAuth 2.0 model.
JSON Web Token Claims are a set of key/value pairs that provide a target system with sufficient information about the given client to apply the appropriate level of access control to resources under its ownership. Claim names are split into three classes:
- Registered (IANA)
- Public
- Private.
JWTs can be represented as either JSON Web Signature (JWS) or a JSON Web Encryption (JWE) objects. Claims within a JWS can be read as they are simply base64-encoded (but carry with them a signature for authentication). Claims in a JWE on the other hand, are encrypted and as such, are entirely opaque to clients using them as their means of authentication and authorization.
Javascript Object Signing and Encryption or JSON Object Signing and Encryption#
The standard provides a general approach to signing and encryption of any content, not necessarily in JSON. However, it is deliberately built on JSON and base64url to be easily usable in web applications. Also, while being used in OpenID Connect, Javascript Object Signing and Encryption can be used as a building block in other protocols.Javascript Object Signing and Encryption is still an evolving standard consists of several RFCs:
- JWS (RFC 7515) - JSON Web Signature, describes producing and handling signed messages
- JWE (RFC 7516) - JSON Web Encryption, describes protecting and handling encrypted messages
- JWK (RFC 7517) - JSON Web Key, describes format and handling of cryptographic keys in Javascript Object Signing and Encryption
- JWA (RFC 7518) - JSON Web Algorithms, describes cryptographic algorithms used in Javascript Object Signing and Encryption
- JWT (RFC 7519) - JSON Web Token, describes representation of claims encoded in JSON and protected by JWS or JWE
- JOSE-Cookbook (RFC 7520) (was draft-ietf-jose-cookbook) - Examples of Protecting Content Using JSON Object Signing and Encryption (JOSE)
- JWK-Thumbprint (RFC 7638) (was draft-ietf-jose-jwk-thumbprint) - JSON Web Key (JWK) Thumbprint
- RFC 7797 (was draft-ietf-jose-jws-signing-input-options) - JSON Web Signature (JWS) Unencoded Payload Option
- RFC 8037 - defines how to use the Diffie-Hellman algorithms "X25519" and "X448" as well as the signature algorithms "Ed25519" and "Ed448" from the IRTF CFRG Elliptic Curves work in Javascript Object Signing and Encryption (JOSE).
More Information#
There might be more information for this subject on one of the following:- JOSE
- JOSE Header
- JOSE-Cookbook
- JSON Object Signing and Encryption
- Javascript Object Signing and Encryption
- RFC 8037
- [#1] - Javascript Object Signing and Encryption (JOSE)
- based on information obtained 2015-12-13
- [#2] - Javascript Object Signing and Encryption (jose) Concluded WG - based on information obtained 2017-06-17
