E.123 specifically recommends that:
In national notation which follows E.123 recommendations, parentheses are used to indicate digits that are sometimes not dialed.
Parentheses are not allowed in the international notation, according to the standard.
A slash (/) with spaces on either side may be used to indicate alternative numbers. (i.e. "555 1234 / 4444" means 555 1234 and 555 4444.)