EMVCo Tokenization is a method for protecting Payment Card data by substituting a card’s Primary Account Number (PAN) with a unique, randomly generated sequence of numbers.
This "token" (essentially a by-reference value) can be reversed to its true associated PAN value at any time with the right decryption keys. There are different kinds of EMVCo Tokenization and different ways to create them, and a token can be merchant specific, single-or multi-use; tokens can be stored and managed in the cloud, in a token vault, or at a merchant location; and, once a token has been created, it may be tied to a card on file, an individual transaction, a payment card, or a device.
EMVCo Tokenization/hce_tokenization-101_infographic.pdf