Google Pay sends payment data to the contactless terminal when you Tap & Pay utilizing NFC and the EMVCo’s Contactless suite of specifications to communicate with the contactless reader terminal.
Google adopts an intermediary role and saves your card details on its servers. Google Pay then issues a Device Account Number Payment Card Number (Google Pay Virtual Card) to your device. When paying, the device only transmits the Device Account Number information. The vendor never sees your real Primary Account Number, which is protected by Google's secure servers. When the seller charges the Device Account Number, Google, in turn, charges your stored Primary Account Number credit card and is the only entity that ever sees your real card through this transaction.