More specifically they are defined in the IANA Registry LDAP ModifyRequest Operations
Each Modify Request includes a LDAP ModifyRequest Operations, the attribute description for the target attribute, and an optional set of values. The following kinds of modifications are supported:
If the modification type is "increment", then there must be an attribute description with exactly one value, and that value must be a positive or negative integer. The target attribute must exist in the entry with exactly one value, and that value must be an integer. The increment operation will update the specified attribute so that its new value will be the sum of the provided value and the existing value.