!!! Overview
[{$pagename}] is one of the [Scalability] strategies for any [applications] where the [data] from the general [database] is divided into [blocks] and spread to various [servers], which are called [shard]. [{$pagename}] process uses "[partitioning|Partition]", however, the data is divided into [blocks] called [shards] before being sent to the separate [servers].

[{$pagename}] may divide [data] [{$pagename}] is divided into either/or:
* Vertical [shards] is when the [database] is divided by columns. 
* horizontal [shards] is when the [database] is divided by rows!! Why use [{$pagename}]? 
Eventually, the apps that are developing, face the scaling problem. This happens when the current [database] [server] already can’t handle the load as fast and effective as before and reply to the app’s requests. Then the database is divided into parts and sent to different shards.

Together with sharding, the [replication] is also often used. In this case the [servers] ([shards]) receive the copies of themselves. It enhances the fail-over protection of the system.

!! More Information
There might be more information for this subject on one of the following:
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